Louisiana Law Blog

By T. Shane Sandefer

Several developments concerning the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulations occurred in 2006 and 2007. Thoughtful planning and continued tracking of these developments will be necessary to ensure compliance.

EPA revised the SPCC plan requirements in 2006 to:

• Provide the option to self-certify SPCC Plans in lieu of review and certification by a Professional Engineer for facilities that have an aboveground oil storage capacity of 10,000 gallons or less and meet other qualifying criteria.
  
• Provide an alternative to the general secondary containment requirement without requiring a determination of impracticability for qualified oil-filled operational equipment.
  
• Define and exempt particular vehicle fuel tanks and other on-board bulk oil storage containers (called motive power containers).
  
• Exempt mobile refuelers from the sized secondary containment requirements for bulk storage containers.
  
• Remove SPCC requirements for animal fats and vegetable oils for certain types of facilities.
  
• Extend the SPCC compliance dates for farms.

By Esteban Herrera and Richard McConnell

Environmental litigators face unique challenges in dealing with the expert phase of a lawsuit.  For example, a lawsuit involving alleged environmental contamination of soil, groundwater, or surface waters may require the use of experts such as environmental/civil engineers, hydrogeologists, hydrologists, geologists, soil scientists, agronomists, analytical chemists, toxicologists, environmental chemists, risk assessment experts, wetlands scientists, health physicists, biologists, and statisticians. 

These experts must often present difficult and complicated technical information in a way that can be understood by judges, lawyers, and juries, who in most cases are not engineers and scientists.  In some cases, environmental litigators face the task of having to deal with many of these disciplines simultaneously.  Before any of these experts can testify at trial, however, each expert and his or her work must satisfy evidentiary standards applicable to expert testimony, many of which are grounded in the principles laid out in the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 509 U.S. 579 (1993).

This article provides a review of recent decisions where the opinions of environmental experts, from disciplines mentioned above, have been the subject of Daubert challenges based on the reliability of methods or principles and how those challenges were successfully presented or defended. 

Download the entire article. 

* Reprinted with permission from the American Bar Association, Natural Resources & Environment, Vol. 22, No. 4, Spring 2008.

by Kyle B. Beall

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality recently finalized revisions to the “Comprehensive Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Control Program” set forth in LAC 33:III.Chapter 51 of the Louisiana Air Quality Regulations. A final rulemaking, first initiated in September 2005, was published in the December 20, 2007 Louisiana Register and can be obtained at the following web address: http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/tabid/2644/Default.aspx.  Unlike some states, Louisiana has its own air toxics program, which applies to major sources of “toxic air pollutants” as defined in LAC 33:III.5103. State toxic air pollutants include all federal “hazardous air pollutants” set forth in Clean Air Act § 112, and also 13 other pollutants, including ammonia, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrogen sulfide.

The final rulemaking, published in AQ-256, provides for the following revisions:

by Laura L. Hart

The European Commission recently released a preliminary package of broad climate change policies that would affect industry, energy generation and transportation in the European Union. The goals of the climate change policies are to: (1) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by twenty percent (20%) below 1990 levels by the year 2020; (2) to increase the proportion of power generated by renewable resources to twenty percent (20%) of total energy consumption; and (3) to institute a mandate that ten percent (10%) of the fuel consumed by the European vehicles to be from biofuel sources.            

The proposed measures include:

by Maureen N. Harbourt

On December 21, 2007, EPA published notice of its adoption of a final rule to “clarify” the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for projects that do not constitute a major modification under the prevention of significant deterioration (“PSD”) and nonattainment new source review (“NNSR”) programs when calculated by the baseline actual emissions to projected actual emissions (“BAE to PAE”) methodology, but which have a “reasonable possibility” to result in a significant emissions increase.  72 Fed. Reg. 72607. The final rule defines “reasonable possibility” as either: 1) where the difference between BAE and PAE is > 50% of the significance level for the regulated pollutant; or 2) where the difference between BAE and PAE prior to subtraction of the emissions excluded from PAE through the “capable of accommodating/demand growth” exclusion is > 50% of the significance level for the regulated pollutant. However, the recordkeeping and reporting requirements differ depending upon whether “reasonable possibility” is triggered by scenario 1) or 2). 

by Kyle B. Beall

On August 22, 2007, the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeal rendered a decision – In the Matter of Waste Management of Louisiana, L.L.C. (Docket No. 2006 CA 1011) – that may affect the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality’s approval of previous pollution control projects under PSD/NNSR provisions. Appellants LEAN and Concerned Citizens of Livingston Parish asked the court to reverse the lower court’s affirmation of LDEQ’s issuance of a Title V air permit issued to Woodside Landfill in 2004. In 2003, LDEQ exempted from PSD review a pollution control project to install a gas collection and control system and bioremediation area at the landfill. The later-issued Title V permit included conditions for the flare that was installed as part of the project. It is unclear from the facts stated in the opinion whether the original 2003 authorization-to-construct the project or the 2004 permit also authorized an expansion of the landfill. EPA issued a letter of no objection to the Title V permit.

by Maureen N. Harbourt

In June, we reported that a three judge panel of the District of Columbia Court of Appeal had issued a decision in NRDC v. EPA, Docket 04-1385, to vacate both the Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (“CISWI”) Unit Rule and the National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants Rule for Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters (the “Boiler MACT”).  That report indicated that the court’s decision could be stayed by a timely request for hearing or a stay order. 

by Maureen N. Harbourt

On June 8, 2007, a three judge panel of the District of Columbia Court of Appeal issued a decision in NRDC v. EPA, vacating both the Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (“CISWI”) Unit Rule and the National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants Rule for Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters (the “Boiler MACT”). The decision will not become effective (meaning the CISWI and Boiler MACT Rules are still effective), until legal delays for rehearing and/or appeal have run. Moreover, two of the three judges wrote concurring opinions which strongly suggest that a stay order, with conditions, is likely to be issued if the parties so request it. With the September 13, 2007, Boiler MACT compliance deadline looming, EPA needs to provide prompt guidance to the thousands of regulated entities on their compliance obligations in light of the decision.

by Maureen N. Harbourt

In final rules adopted on March 20, 2007, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (“LDEQ”) adopted amendments to the Louisiana Hazardous Waste Rules to create a procedure by which an applicant may obtain a determination that contaminated media (soil/sediment, groundwater, and/or surface water) do not contain a hazardous waste and may be managed as nonhazardous. This procedure does not establish clean-up standards; instead, it will be used to determine whether hazardous waste rules apply to the management of such media when removed from their location or otherwise managed.

by Erich P. Rapp

During a presentation at the Defense Research Institute’s Toxic Torts and Environmental Law Seminar in New Orleans on Friday March 9, 2007, Dr. Pamela Williams of ChemRisk, Inc. indicated that she was preparing to publish a study on the potential for exposure to benzene from products containing trace (less than 0.1%) levels of benzene. Her study will likely conclude that measured airborne concentrations of benzene during the handling or use of petroleum-derived products in the United States have typically not exceeded workplace standards since at least the early 1980's. The Williams’ study will also likely conclude that indoor air modeling shows that workplace exposures are likely to be minimal during the application of products containing trace levels of benzene. Finally, the Williams study will likely conclude that petroleum-derived products containing trace levels of benzene are not expected to produce 8-hour TWA airborne concentrations that exceed current regulatory standards under typical product use scenarios.

by Kyle B. Beall

Many companies in Louisiana may be aware of the beneficial tax exclusion authorized in La. R.S. 47:301 and LAC 61:I.4302 for pollution reduction projects. What they may not be aware of, however, is the broader scope of Louisiana’s program than most other states. Unlike other states, Louisiana’s exclusion applies to both pollution control devices and pollution control systems. Thus, the Louisiana legislature intended to apply the program to more than simply “end of the pipe” control technology. This more expansive scope may make certain projects in Louisiana more attractive for multi-state companies competing for the same project dollars. 

by Erich P. Rapp

A case now pending in federal court in New Orleans may have an important impact on potential claims against the federal government for coastal land loss in Louisiana. 

Judge Duval has set the claims of numerous plaintiffs against the Army Corps of Engineers for trial beginning September 8, 2008. Plaintiffs contend the Corps contributed to flooding of their property in St. Bernard Parish and New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina.

by Maureen N. Harbourt

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (“LDEQ”) recently instituted a pilot program of making its Electronic Document Management System (“EDMS”) available on the internet for a six-month trial period. The EDMS is the electronic repository of official records that have been created or received by LDEQ.  All documents that are defined as “public records,” including e-mail, either created or received by any LDEQ personnel are placed in the EDMS and can be searched on the internet through LDEQ’s website. All public documents that have not been labeled as confidential pursuant to LDEQ’s confidentiality statute, La. R.S. 30:2030, and that are dated July 1, 2005 or later are part of the pilot. The only exception is documents concerning radiation media as LDEQ has asserted confidentiality of these pursuant to its authority to keep potentially sensitive national security information as confidential.

by M. Dwayne Johnson

The Louisiana Solid Waste Regulations, LAC 33:VII (the “LSWR”), have largely existed in their current state since February 1993, when the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (“LDEQ”) completely rewrote the Aold@ solid waste regulations. Now, in the culmination of an over 20-month joint effort by LDEQ, the regulated community, and the public, LDEQ hopes to propose comprehensive amendments to the LSWR. (These amendments may be proposed by as early as July of this year.)   Unlike the 1993 revisions, however, the current draft amendments are not a wholesale rewrite of the LSWR. Instead, LDEQ proposes to reorganize, streamline, and supplement the existing regulations to make them easier to understand and apply. LDEQ also has attempted to ease the compliance burden, where possible, without increasing risk to public health or environment. That said, for the most part, the proposed amendments constitute a “tweaking,” not an overhaul, and existing regulations will continue in their current form, although perhaps reordered and renumbered.

by Leonard L. Kilgore, III, and Richard S. Pabst

The United States Department of Justice, in a case of first impression, attempted to hold a landowner responsible for the Coast Guard’s response costs in the clean up of abandoned oilfield equipment in United States of America v. Louisiana Land & Exploration Company, USDC, Eastern District of Louisiana, No. 03-3208, Section “L”. Defendant LL&E was the surface owner of the property, which it purchased subject to an existing mineral lease. The lessee had engaged in operations for several years and had installed wells, tanks and other drilling and exploration equipment on the property. Although the operator allegedly ceased operations, LL&E never received any notification that the lease was being terminated.

In 2001, the US Coast Guard reported an oil spill from a storage tank on the property. Because the property allegedly was located in marshlands adjacent to a bayou which drained into the Gulf of Mexico, the US Coast Guard initiated clean up pursuant to the Oil Spill Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA 90"). Upon completion, it sought to recover response costs of approximately $800,000 from the landowner under the theory that the operator had abandoned its equipment and that, pursuant to OPA 90 and La. C.C. art. 493, LL&E became the owner of this equipment when the lease “terminated” and was therefore responsible for all damage it caused.

by G. William Jarman

Effective Date: Upon signature of the governor which occurred on June 8, 2006. 

Limitation On Some Matters: Does not apply to a case in which the court, on or before March 27, 2006 (first day of the legislative session), has issued or signed an order setting the case for trial, regardless if such trial date is continued. 

Opt-in Provision: A party who filed a judicial demand has the right to come under S.B. 655 and can do so by filing a notice in the court where the case is pending, a notice of the exercise of such right within 60 days of the effective date of the Act.

Remediation Monies: Monies for remediation projects awarded shall be placed in the registry of the court and the remediation plan shall be implemented under the supervision of the agency with the court maintaining supervisory jurisdiction until plan completed. Monies may be funded incrementally. Any leftover funds are returned to the party who paid the money into the registry of the court. The money does not go to the landowner, but into the remediation project. Note that an award will include monies for investigation and remediation.

“Feasible Plan:” The definition of “feasible plan” for a remediation to be performed under the Act means the most reasonable plan which addresses “environmental damage” (see definition below) in compliance with the Constitution to protect the environment, public health, safety and welfare, and is in compliance with the specific relevant and applicable standards and regulations promulgated by a state agency in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act in effect at the time of clean up to remediate contamination resulting from oilfield or exploration and production operations or waste. 

by Shane Sandefer 

The U.S. Supreme Court issued an opinion June 19, 2006 in Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. United States, cases focusing on the extent of the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers (“COE”) over wetlands under the Clean Water Act (“Act”).  The Act allows the Corps to regulate “navigable waters of the United States.”  However, “navigable waters” under the Act is defined as “the waters of the United States, including the territorial seas” and are not limited to waters that are “navigable” in the traditional sense.  33 U.S.C. §1362(7).  For years the Corps interpreted the Act expansively to assert jurisdiction over virtually all wetlands regardless of how remote the connection to a navigable water, using the Commerce Clause as a basis. That was prior to the Supreme Court decision in Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook Cty. v. Army Corps of Engineers, 531 U.S. 159, 167, 121 S.Ct. 675, 148 L.Ed.2d 576 (2001) (“SWANCC”), which held that “isolated” wetlands do not fall within the jurisdiction of the Corps and that wetlands must be adjacent or have a “significant nexus” to navigable waters to fall within the Corps' jurisdiction.  Following SWANCC, the Corps and the courts have wrestled with the meaning of “isolated” and “significant nexus,” with the Corps ever seeking to retain the broadest jurisdiction. .  

Distinguished fellow blogger Stephen Holzer, at Environmental Legal Blogs has an excellent short analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court Decision in Rapanos v. United States. Check it out here, and check out his blog frequently for similar insightful posts. His concluding comment on the case:

"Nonetheless, for those of us accustomed over the last 40-50 years to seeing the Supreme Court rarely put brakes of any kind on the federal government's appetite for expansion, today was indeed one for the books."

By Maureen N. Harbourt

Louisiana's Title V permit program requires each permit to contain "a schedule of compliance consistent with LAC 33:III.517.E.4." Under Section 517.E.4, and its federal counterpart 40 C.F.R. 70.6(c), the permit application must contain a "narrative description of how the source will achieve compliance and a compliance schedule" with respect to "any applicable requirements with which the source is not in compliance at the time of permit application submittal." The schedule proposed must "resemble and be at least as stringent as that contained in any judicial consent decree or administrative order or compliance order to which the source is subject." Id. Progress reports are required at least every six months. Id.

Senate Bill 655 has now cleared the House Natural Resources Committee and goes to the full House. It has already passed the Senate. Here is the current text of the act.

Under the current law, La. R.S. 30:2015.1, anyone suing for damages for the "evaluation and remediation of any contamination or pollution that is alleged to impact or threaten usable ground water" has to provide written notice to the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), who then have the right to intervene in the lawsuit. "Usable ground water" is statutorily defined as Groundwater Classification I or II under DEQ's RECAP regulations.

On March 17, 2006, the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated EPA's final Equipment Replacement Provision rulemaking which attempted to establish a bright-line test for routine maintenance, repair and replacement (RMRR) in New York v. EPA, No. 03-1380 (D.C. Cir. 2006). To vacate a rule is to rescind and set it aside entirely (as opposed to a remand which would have sent it back to the agency for further justification.)

Kean Miller is pleased to announce that 12 lawyers, formerly in the Admiralty & Maritime, Construction, and Energy practice areas with Lemle & Kelleher, LLP, have joined the firm in the New Orleans office.

"We are very excited to welcome these distinguished attorneys to our law firm. They are an outstanding resource for our clients. Our offices are located in Louisiana's major port cities --- New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Lake Charles -- and this esteemed group brings over 150 years of combined experience in maritime issues, admiralty law, marine insurance, oil & gas, drilling and exploration, pipelines, construction, and energy law to our clients." said Gary A. Bezet, managing partner of the 121-lawyer firm.

As cleanup from Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath progresses, the Air & Waste Management Association is proud to announce that its 99th Annual Conference & Exhibition will take place in New Orleans as originally scheduled, June 20-23, 2006. With the theme, "Healthy Environments: Rebirth & Renewal," the conference is expected to bring nearly 3000 of the world's leading environmental professionals to New Orleans.

In addition to the program tracks that attendees are accustomed to, the conference will feature a special session devoted to waste management responses to Hurricane Katrina, focusing on the analysis, transportation, disposal, and cleanup of debris and potentially contaminated soil and sediment. Papers also will address environmental readiness to aid in responses to future natural disasters. Also featured at the conference:

*The Keynote Program, with a presentation by Shell Oil Company President John Hofmeister on the company's plans for energy diversification;
*A symposium dedicated to Particulate Matter and Health;
*An Exhibition on the latest technologies used in the Katrina cleanup, as well as other environmental products and services; and
*More than 160 sessions covering a range of air, environmental, and waste issues.

By T. Shane Sandefer

Several recent developments concerning the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulations occurred in December 2005 that may have a major impact on Louisiana facilities. First, the EPA released the long awaited SPCC "Guidance for Regional Inspectors." The Guidance is intended to assist regional inspectors in reviewing a facility's implementation of the rule, but will also be beneficial for regulated facilities in determining how particular provisions of the rule may be applied.

By Esteban Herrera

Reproduced with permission from Toxics Law Reporter, Vol. 20, No. 47, pp. 1067-1069 (Dec 8, 2005). Copyright 2005 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (800-372-1033). http://www.bna.com

In the wake of two hurricanes, many Louisiana industries, businesses, and citizens are left with a monumental task of cleaning up the damages caused by the storms. Many Louisianians also face the somewhat unknown future of what potential liability lies ahead under various environmental statutes and programs. After the storms, the State of Louisiana and the federal government temporarily eased many requirements under various environmental regulatory programs so that immediate actions could be taken to preserve property and protect lives. Significant questions remain, however, as to how these agencies are going to use their enforcement discretion in the future with respect to events that occurred during and after the storms.

By Mark D. Mese

Reproduced with permission from Class Action Action Litigation Report, Vol. 6, No. 21, pp. 795-797 (Nov 11, 2005). Copyright 2005 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (800-372-1033). http://www.bna.com

The damages caused by Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama constitute the largest natural disaster in U.S. history. Hurricane Katrina's impact on insurers and their policyholders have already set in motion what will probably be one of the largest legal and public policy storms to hit the United States in modern times. Nowhere will the storm be more evident than in disputes involving wind and water damage coverage.

The eye of the coverage storm is already manifesting itself in coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.

By Glenn M. Farnet

Reproduced with permission from Class Action Action Litigation Report, Vol. 6, No. 21, pp. 793-795 (Nov 11, 2005). Copyright 2005 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (800-372-1033). http://www.bna.com

Katrina has already spawned a hurricane of lawsuits. These suits include: suits by individuals who claim they were injured by hazardous substances that leaked from storage facilities, refineries, or pipeline facilities; suits by individuals who claim that oilfield production and pipeline activities caused wetland damage that exacerbated the effects of hurricane Katrina; and suits by individuals who claim faulty levees caused the widespread flooding that followed in the days after Katrina made landfall. All of these suits have a common thread: each will require the courts to determine whether the damages sued upon resulted from nature's fury or human blunder.

Louisiana, like many other states, recognizes the general principle that an "act of God" can be a complete defense to liability for negligence and strict liability claims. Louisiana courts have generally used a consistent definition of the term "act of God," but the application of that definition in the context of a specific event has not always been consistent or clear, particularly when the issue of contributing human fault is at play.

By Richard S. Pabst

Writ applications have been filed with the Louisiana Supreme Court in two oilfield pollution cases that have the potential to dramatically impact the scope of the numerous legacy lawsuits currently pending throughout the state.

By Glenn M. Farnet

The past twenty years has seen a dramatic increase in the volume of mass tort and other forms of complex litigation. As the volume of litigation has grown, so too have the burdens on the judiciary and the litigants. To address this growing problem, it is imperative that modern adjudicatory tools be adopted to achieve the goal of securing the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action. One such case management tool that has developed in the context of mass tort litigation - but that can be equally effective in other types of litigation - is the Lone Pine Order.

As a service to the community and its clients, Kean Miller will present a Post-Katrina Energy Industry Forum on Thursday, October 13th. In addition, the firm will host its Louisiana Environmental Forum on Friday, October 14th. These two important industry events are part of a week-long breakfast briefing series designed to provide innovation, insight and ideas for business and industry in Louisiana. These breakfast briefing events will be held at Drusilla Place, 3482 Drusilla Lane (Jefferson Highway at I-12 in Baton Rouge).

By Mark Mese

Hurricane Katrina will undoubtedly go down in history as the worst natural disaster to hit the United States. The current estimated cost to repair damage from Hurricane Katrina caused has reached $50.0 billion, much of which may be covered by insurance. Hurricane Katrina will have enormous impact on policyholders and their insurers in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. Policyholders will need to act carefully and in some cases promptly to protect their rights under insurance policies providing coverage for environmental claims, business interruption claims, property loss claims, and general liability claims.

by Maureen Harbourt

NOTE: THIS OUTLINE IS INTENDED TO PRESENT AN OVERVIEW OF SOME POTENTIALLY HELPFUL PROVISIONS. IT DOES NOT ADDRESS ALL POTENTIAL REGULATORY OPTIONS NOR DOES IT ADDRESS RELEASE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

I.Hazardous Waste

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality has issued an Emergency Order in response to Hurricane Katrina ; however, while it suspends several of the existing solid waste and asbestos management rules, it does not provide relief from the hazardous waste rules (with the exception of one provision extending the time for accumulation in less-than 90-day tanks and containers). In fact, the emergency order specifically indicates that any hazardous waste generated due to the storm must be segregated from other wastes and must be disposed in a permitted facility. However, mechanisms do exist under the existing rules to address emergency situations, as discussed below. See http://www.ldeq.org/news/pdf/Declarationofemergency.pdf at Section 3.

Per its website at http://www.laed.uscourts.gov, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana has closed until further notice, and has suspended "all deadlines and delays in matters pending before this court...until ordered otherwise."

By Brad Myers

In light of the Louisiana Supreme Court's decision in the Suire case, businesses and industrial concerns may want to consider modification of their indemnity provisions in contracts in order to allow for the litigation of defense and indemnity claims during underlying tort litigation.

From the redoubtable Stephen Holzer at Environmental Law Blog comes a discussion of the Government Accountability Office's report "ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES: EPA Should Do More to Ensure That Liable Parties Meet Their Cleanup Obligations". Here is a link to the report itself.

All industrial facilities should have an emergency response plan. Here are ten tips for establishing and implementing an emergency response plan.

by Maureen Harbourt

The 8-Hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone became effective throughout Louisiana on June 15, 2004. The standard is 84 parts per billion (ppb). Compliance with the standard is measured by the 3- year average of the 4th highest reading each year at each monitor within an area. Stated differently, the 3- year average of the 4th highest 8-hour reading at each monitor within an area must equal 84 ppb or less. Currently, the monitor at Kenner, Louisiana is in danger of causing the New Orleans Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) be in nonattainment of the standard. According to Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality records, the Kenner monitor has had readings of 87, 85, 83, and 81 parts per billion during the 2005 ozone season which runs from May through October. Due to the readings over the past two years, the Kenner monitor cannot exceed 83 ppb as the 4th high reading this year, or the 3-year average will be greater than 84 ppb. Thus, if that monitor has an 8-hour average of 84 ppb or greater on two more days during this ozone season, then the whole MSA will go into nonattainment. The New Orleans MSA consists of Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. James, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, and St. Tammany parishes.

Nonattainment status would trigger a number of additional regulatory requirements for businesses within the area, as well as transportation planning requirements and potential restrictions for municipalities.

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality publishes notices of Ozone Action Days on its website: http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/evaluation/ozone/oz_today.asp.
Moreover, the Department also has a list of do's and don'ts to help citizens and business assist in avoiding ozone exceedances. That action guide is available at http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/evaluation/o3act/oap_you.htm.

By Maureen Harbourt

The 5 parish area around Baton Rouge (EBR, WBR, Ascension, Iberville and Livingston) is now subject to a new 8-hour ozone standard. The area is classified as being in "marginal" nonattainment [on a scale of marginal, moderate, serious, severe, and extreme] - so that is pretty good - it means we are close to being in attainment. For those of you in the Lake Charles area and New Orleans area - read this too. You are not out of the woods as your areas are barely in attainment and could go into nonattainment if we have a particularly hot year.

By Lolly White

In-house counsel who are employed in Louisiana but are not licensed to practice law here have until July 1, 2005 to file an application for limited licensure to practice under the Louisiana Supreme Court's new In-House Counsel Rule.

By Maureen N. Harbourt

On Friday, June 10, 2005, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) enacted an Emergency Rule to adopt the 8-hour primary and secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and to revoke the 1-hour standards (both primary and secondary standards). The rule also establishes special Nonattainment New Source Review provisions for the 5-Parish Baton Rouge Nonattainment Area (Ascension, East Baton Rouge, Iberville, Livingston and West Baton Rouge Parishes). The rule becomes effective on June 15, 2005, the same date that the federal 1-hour ozone NAAQS are revoked.

By Dwayne Johnson

The Louisiana Fourth Circuit, in a decision sure to be appealed, recently upheld a lower court's award of compensatory damages - and reduced the lower court's punitive damage award - as a result of the defendants' alleged contamination of the plaintiffs' land with naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Grefer, et al. v. Alpha Technical, et al., 2002-CA-1237 (La. App. 4th Cir. 3/31/05); appeal from, Civil District Court, Orleans Parish.

By Maureen Harbourt

Environmental managers are not often popular with company CFO's as more often than not, their proposed projects to install pollution control measures involve large expenditures with little prospect of cost-recovery. However, a review of various state decisions on what constitutes "pollution-control" may enable the thrifty EHS manager to soften the blow with creative mechanisms such as pollution control tax credits.

By Maureen Harbourt

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) began a pilot program for Expedited Penalty Agreements in mid-2004 which is continuing until June 10, 2005, and may be renewed. This pilot program establishes fixed penalty amounts for common environmental violations of minor to moderate significance - for instance, failure to report RQ releases, late submittal of air and water reports, missed sampling events, sanitary sewer system problems, UST requirements, waste oil requirements and the like.

By Maureen Harbourt

If you think that Louisiana's environmental penalty settlement process is already political - you ain't seen nothin' yet! Representative Wayne Waddel of Shreveport has introduced House Bill 347 in the 2005 Louisiana Legislative Session to amend the environmental statutes to require that ten percent of any fine imposed by the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality or ten percent of any settlement of any environmental penalty be given to the parish governing authority for the parish where the violation occurred. The bill has been assigned to the Appropriations committee rather than the Environment committee for review. The text of this bill as well as any schedule for hearings can be located at the Legislature's web site http://www.legis.state.la.us through the "Bill Search" feature.

By Kyle B. Beall

On February 3, 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) responded to two issues raised in petitions for reconsideration filed in response to EPA's rule to implement the 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). See, 70 Fed. Reg. 5593. The federal agency also proposed to revise two aspects of the implementation rule first published in the Federal Register on April 30, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 23,858). Go to Article