Louisiana Law Blog

By Angela W. Adolph

The Gulf Opportunity Zone Act of 2005 (the “Act”) added several new sections to the Internal Revenue Code that provide certain tax benefits for affected hurricane disaster areas. Section 1400N(a) authorized the issuance of Qualified Private Activity Bonds (“Qualified Bonds”) to finance the construction and rehabilitation of residential and nonresidential property located in the Gulf Opportunity Zone (“GO Zone”). The Act gave private business owners and corporations the opportunity to borrow capital at favorable tax-exempt rates to acquire, construct, reconstruct or renovate qualified property in the GO Zone. The deadline for the issuance of GO Zone Bonds was extended through the end of 2011. However, the Act did not address the current refunding of Qualified Bonds after the applicable issuance deadline had passed.  

In a refunding, an issuer sells bonds and uses the proceeds to redeem outstanding debt that typically has higher interest rates. In a current refunding, the issuer uses the refunding bond proceeds to redeem the outstanding debt within 90 days. On December 23, 2011, the Internal Revenue Service released an advance copy of Notice 2012-3, which provides guidance on current refunding of outstanding prior issues of Qualified Bonds, including GO Zone Bonds and Hurricane Ike Bonds.

A current refunding of Qualified Bonds that meets the conditions of Notice 2012-3 may be issued after the applicable deadline and still be treated as Qualified Bonds. The conditions include that the original Qualified Bonds must have been issued before the deadline for the issuance of such bonds. The issue price of the current refunding issue must be no greater than the outstanding stated principal amount of the refunded bonds. And, the current refunding issue must meet all applicable requirements for the issuance of tax-exempt private activity bonds, including that the average bond maturity must be no longer than 120 percent of the average reasonably expected economic life of the facilities financed or refinanced.

Additionally, as long as the original Qualified Bonds satisfied the designation requirement, no further designation or official state or local governmental action is required for a current refunding of such bonds.

Notice 2012-3 will appear in Internal Revenue Bulletin 2012-3, dated January 17, 2012.

By Angela W. Adolph

Last week, the United States Department of the Treasury announced the approval of applications from Louisiana and a handful of other states for State Small Business Credit Initiative (“SSBCI”) funding. The SSBCI is an important component of the Small Business Jobs Act (“the Act”) that was signed into law last fall. This funding is intended to provide support to state-level programs, and is designed to generate billions in additional small-business lending and help create new private sector jobs.

Under the Act, these states’ programs may receive a total of $360 million in SSBCI funds. Under the SSBCI, states must demonstrate a reasonable expectation that each $1 in federal funding will generate a minimum of $10 in new private lending. Accordingly, this $360 million allocation is expected to support more than $3.6 billion in new private lending.

The states approved for SSBCI funding are: Alabama ($31.3 million), Florida ($97.7 million), Idaho ($13.2 million), Iowa ($13.2 million), Louisiana ($13.2 million), Mississippi ($13.2 million), Ohio ($55.1 million), Oregon ($16.5 million), Tennessee ($29.7 million), Texas ($46.6 million), Virginia ($18.0 million), and Washington, D.C. ($13.2 million).

The Louisiana Department of Economic Development will use its funds to support two existing programs: the Louisiana Small Business Loan Guarantee Program and the Louisiana Seed Capital Program, a venture capital program.
 

By Angela W. Adolph

In today’s political and economic environment, in which public resources available for infrastructure development and maintenance are increasingly scarce, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) offer a welcome alternative to traditional financing and operation models. A PPP is a contractual agreement between a public agency (federal, state or local) entity and a private sector entity to deliver a service or facility for public use. The Louisiana Supreme Court has recognized the public benefits of PPPs, finding that “public-private partnerships that take advantage of the special expertise of the private sector are among the most effective programs to encourage and maintain economic development, and that it is in the best interest of the State and its local governments to encourage, create, and support public-private partnerships.” See Board of Directors of Indus. Devel. Bd. of City of Gonzales, Louisiana, Inc. v. All Taxpayers, Property Owners, Citizens of City of Gonzales, 938 So.2d 11, 17 (La. 2006).

By Mark D. Mese

The Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeals has issued the first Appellate Court decision dealing with the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act and its application to Chinese Drywall claims in the case of Jennifer L. Caminita, wife of/and Frank L. Caminita v. Regina, wife of/and Barney Core, Smith and Core, Inc., et al., State of Louisiana Court of Appeals, First Circuit, 2010 CA 1961.

The First Circuit has ruled that the periods of limitation set forth in the New Home Warranty Act provide the exclusive periods by which claims can be brought against home builders for alleged defects related to the installation of Chinese Drywall in new homes. In the Caminita case the First Circuit specifically found that the one year preemptive period provided by La.R.S. 9:3144A(1) was applicable to claims related to Chinese Drywall incorporated into new homes. Based on this finding, the court dismissed the action against the home builder.

This ruling by the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeals is the first Louisiana case reported at the appellate level on this issue and is in line with decisions by district courts last year which were also reported on the Kean Miller blog.
 

By Phyllis D. Sims

Louisiana legislators passed two new laws during the most recent Legislative Session placing additional requirements on employers to check the citizenship status of employees.

Act 376 provides for the verification of employees engaged only in public contract work by enacting La. R.S. 38:2212.10.  The new law provides that a private employer shall not bid on or contract with a public entity unless the employer attests via sworn affidavit to the use of an immigration verification system to verify that all employees in the state of Louisiana are legal citizens of the U.S. or are legal aliens.  All subcontractors are required to do the same.  Violations of the new law may result in cancellation of the public contract and ineligibility for any public contract for a period of three years or less.  If the employer complies with the verification provisions and relies on the information obtained in accordance with the verification system, the employer is protected from state law civil and criminal liabilities for: (i) hiring someone that is later found to be an unauthorized alien and (ii) refusing to hire an individual whose legal status within the verification system was that of an unauthorized alien.  The provisions of the new law apply only to contracts entered into or bids offered on or after January 1, 2012.  If the status verification system expires and is not extended by the federal government, the provisions of this new law will no longer be applicable.  Link to Act 376

Act 402 has a much broader application than Act 376, requiring verification of citizenship and authorization for employment. La. R.S. 23:995 already prohibits a person from hiring an illegal alien.  Act 402 adds new provisions to this statute that become effective August 15, 2011.  The new law provides that a person shall not be subject to certain sanctions if: (i) the E-Verify system has been used to verify the citizenship or work authorization status of every employee or (ii) the employee has provided to the employer a picture identification and at least one of the following documents: a U.S. birth certificate or certified birth card, Naturalization certificate, certificate of citizenship, alien registration card, or U.S. immigration form I-94 with employment authorized stamp.  The employer must retain copies of all documents provided by the employee.  An employer who has used the E-Verify system is presumed to have been in good faith and is not subject to any penalty for relying on the accuracy of the information contained therein.  The penalty provisions within the statute have been increased to $500 for a first violation, $1,000 for a second violation, and $2,500 for a third violation.  The penalty provisions are applicable to each alien employed in violation of the law.  There is an exemption for health care facilities/entities licensed by DHH under the statutory provisions relating to second and third violations.  Link to Act 402

By R. Lee Vail

Deepwater oil and gas production from the Gulf of Mexico has become a significant portion of the current production within the United States, equal to over 1.6 million barrels per day of oil equivalent; total U.S oil production is around 5.3 million barrels per day. (1)  Worldwide shallow water oil production peaked around the year 2000 whereas worldwide deep water production has risen to around 5 million barrels per day. On May 10, 2011, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (“BOEMRE”) approved Royal Dutch Shell’s Exploration Plan S-0744 to better define discoveries announced in 2009 and 2010. (2) 

Several environmental groups filed suit in an attempt to block the approved plan. Gulf Restoration Network, Inc., Florida Wildlife Federation, and Sierra Club Inc. filed a petition on June 8, 2011, in the United States Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit, in an attempt to set aside BOEMRE’s approval of the plan. The allegations in the petition are relatively general, alleging violation of the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) (i.e., for BOEMRE’s alleged failure to appropriately conduct the required environmental assessments and/or impact statements) and further alleging elements required pursuant to 43 U.S.C §1349(c) necessary to maintain the suit under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (“OCSLA”).
 

By R. Lee Vail

On June 1, 2011, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) issued a notice to Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region (GOMR) lease and pipeline right-of-way (ROW) holders on reporting hurricane and tropical storm effects. Specifically, the recent notice, designated NTL No. 2011-G01(1), requires four reports, as appropriate:

• Evacuation and Production curtailment statistic report – partially evacuated platforms are not considered evacuated
• Facility shut-in reports – including facilities that are partially shut-in
• Facility damage reports – including platforms, rigs and pipelines
• Pollution reports - facility discharged or continues to discharge oil during or as a result of the event
   

The Evacuation and Production curtailment statistic report and the Facility shut-in report overlap in subject matter. They differ in that the first report is general and requires overall company statistics (number of facilities evacuated or not evacuated, overall production shut-in); the second report is specific, requiring statistics platform by platform. Facility damage reports are to be submitted as soon as the information becomes available. Other reports are to be submitted daily as long as the condition exists. Reports may be submitted by e-mail or through the BOEMRE GOMR internet-based Permitting and Reporting System (eWell). Although the notice outlines the specific information and instructions required when the transmission is by e-mail, BOEMRE GOMR strongly encourages use of eWell to transmit the required data.

The eWell system, described in NTL No. 2007-G15 (2), was developed to increase efficiency of well permitting and reporting transactions between OCS lessees and operators and the GOMR by both reducing the time (and cost) required to process data and to reduce input errors. The system is designed to simplify submittal of multiple reports and subsequent daily reports. Interested lessees and operators and pipeline ROW holders must apply to BOEMRE GOMR for access to the eWell system.
 

[1] BOEMRE, Hurricane and Tropical Storm Effects Reports, NTL No. 2011-G01, http://www.gomr.boemre.gov/homepg/regulate/regs/ntls/2011NTLs/11-G01.pdf (last visited June 10, 2011).

[2] BOERME, eWell Permitting and Reporting System, NTL- No. 2007-G15, http://www.gomr.boemre.gov/homepg/regulate/regs/ntls/2007NTLs/07-g15.pdf (last visited June 10, 2011).

By Tokesha Collins

During the past few years, the Louisiana Legislature has adopted many “green” initiatives as part of climate and energy policies. The state has placed a strong emphasis on increasing both renewable energy generation and energy efficiency. The following is a list of some of these important initiatives:

• The Louisiana Renewable Energy Development Act allows Grid Tied Net Metering systems throughout the state, which allows electric utility customers, who wish to install a net metering facility, to reduce their monthly electricity bill by using electricity that is generated from solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, or biomass resources. See La. R.S. 51:3061-51:3063 (2003).
   

Throughout 2004–2007 a housing boom along with a series of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico combined to create a shortage of drywall in the United States.  Needing drywall to build the homes that were much in demand, suppliers turned abroad. Chinese manufacturers stepped in, providing cheap and readily available material.  This influx of Chinese drywall was concentrated in Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi; the states most affected by Hurricanes Wilma, Katrina, and Rita.  Since 2006, it has been estimated by some sources that more than 550 million pounds of drywall have been imported from China.  There are reports that some 100,000 homes could possibly be affected nationwide. 

By G. Trippe Hawthorne

The Louisiana Legislature has adopted House Concurrent Resolution No. 185, authored by Representative Tim Burns.  The resolution urges and requests that the Department of Health and Hospitals and the Deptartment of Insurance, in consultation with the Louisiana State Licensing Board for Contractors, investigate the health risks associated with living in homes that contain drywall imported from China, study the potential homeowners insurance coverage issues, including triggers, endorsements, and exclusions to policies that are related to drywall imported from China, and determine whether such material should be identified as a substandard, unsafe building material.  The resolution goes on to request a report of the findings and recommendations of this study to the legislature prior to the convening of the 2010 regular session.

A copy of the enrolled version of the resolution can be seen here: Download file

By Mark D. Mese

June marks the beginning of Hurricane Season and should serve as a reminder to review your personal and business property insurance coverage. The effect of recent Hurricanes on the Gulf Coast generally and Louisiana specifically have been significant with respect to both damages and the insurance covering those damages.

By Clay Cosse

In the aftermath of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, homeowners filing flood insurance claims under the National Flood Insurance Program’s (“NFIP’s”) Standard Flood Insurance Policy (“SFIP”) should exercise extreme caution to avoid running afoul of the SFIP’s Proof of Loss requirement.

SFIP policies require that insureds asserting a claim file a Proof of Loss within 60 days, subject to such extensions as FEMA may approve, listing “the actual cash value of each damaged item of insured property, the amount of damage sustained, and the amount claimed as due under the policy to cover the loss."

Courts have consistently enforced this requirement in an extremely strict and severe manner, holding that failure to timely file a Proof of Loss complying with the regulatory requirements is a valid basis for denying an insured's claim. If the policyholder does not strictly comply with the Proof of Loss requirement, the policyholder may not file suit to recover under its SFIP. That the insured's losses are covered under the policy is irrelevant. The conduct of the insurer/adjuster in adjusting the claim is irrelevant. Timely filing a proper proof of loss is essential to filing suit under the SFIP.
 

By Michael O'Brien and Stephen Hanemann

Hurricane Gustav recently wreaked havoc and felled trees throughout the heavily wooded areas of Southeast Louisiana.  As such, many property owners may be concerned who bears the responsibility for a fallen tree. Obviously, if a tree in a homeowner’s yard falls on his house, then that homeowner should contact his insurance agent for assistance in repairing the tree damage. The remainder of this article addresses the issue of tree-owner responsibility when a tree located on the property of one person (the “tree owner”) falls on the property of his neighbor (the “property owner”) damaging the house, car, fence or other property.

by Erich P. Rapp

The New Orleans Times Picayune posted a story to their web site on July 3, 2007 at 7:45 PM stating that the Corps of Engineers has formally recommended to Congress that the Mississippi River - Gulf Outlet ("MR-GO") be closed. MR-GO is a 60 mile long shipping channel running from the Louisiana coast to the Industrial Canal in New Orleans. Construction on MR-GO started in 1958 and was completed in 1968. The canal was designed to be 36 feet deep and 500 feet wide.

by Erich P. Rapp

Throughout the Corps of Engineers’ history of building public works projects, they have sought to protect or enhance property values and economic interests of various groups. Often fixing one problem causes another. Sometimes those new problems are later referred to as “unintended consequences.”  Many times those supposed “unintended consequences” are known in advance. Nevertheless, these economic shifts often occur without warning or compensation to the people imperiled or damaged. This is the power and burden that goes with building large public works projects. It also presents the legal question of when should a property owner whose interests are imperiled or damaged by public works projects be compensated for such an economic shift.

by Erich P. Rapp

Corps of Engineers Releases 100 Year Flood Maps for New Orleans Metro Area

On Wednesday June 20, 2007, the Army Corps of Engineers released its long anticipated 100 year flood maps for various parts of the New Orleans metro area. While the maps depict some improvement over the flood risk that existed before Hurricane Katrina, the risk of catastrophic flooding in the New Orleans metro area remains.

http://blog.nola.com/updates/2007/06/risk.html

http://blog.nola.com/graphics/2007/06/the_risk_of_hurricane_flooding.html

by Erich P. Rapp

On May 30, 2007, United States District Judge Stanwood R Duval dismissed a class action lawsuit by residents of South Louisiana claiming damages from Hurricane Katrina. The court ruled that the plaintiffs had failed to exhaust their administrative remedies with the federal government before filing their Federal Tort Claims Act suit. The lawsuit accused the federal government of negligently designing, constructing, maintaining, inspecting and operating the area's entire navigable waterway system, including the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, the Industrial Canal, the London Avenue Canal and the 17th Street Canal.

The court was also critical of the plaintiff's laundry list use of a multitude of federal statutes to support their claims. The judge further suggested that the plaintiffs claims bordered on being sanctionable under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

The opinion is Berthelot et al. v. BOH Bros. Construction Co. et al., No. 05-CV-04182, 2007 WL 1239132 (E.D. La. 4/27/07).  

by Erich P. Rapp

The new chief of the Army Corps of Engineers, Lt. General Robert Van Antwerp, told a New Orleans audience on Thursday May 31, 2007 that three important reports would be released by the Corps this summer. The first report due in June is a comprehensive study of the vulnerability of low lying areas of coastal Louisiana to future hurricanes. This report will show residents of the low lying area how their homes will do during about 150 hypothetical storms.